前言
众所周知,很多官方软件源默认都在国外,在国内下载不是一般的慢……
于是我们想到了通过国内的镜像站,来加速访问或下载等。
最近搭建环境,又折腾了一堆换源,于是又到处找觉得挺麻烦的。
正好这次就来汇总一下各种常用的换源好了。
系统 apt 换源
以 Ubuntu 为例:
首先备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
(有可能需要修改文件权限为可编辑)
sudo chmod 777 /etc/apt/sources.list
而后编辑文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 或 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
都没有的话可以先装个编辑器,或者
sudo echo "balabala" > /etc/apt/sources.list
其中的 balabala
是下面的内容。
清华 tuna 源
详见 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
本镜像仅包含 32/64 位 x86 架构处理器的软件包,在 ARM(arm64, armhf)、PowerPC(ppc64el)、RISC-V(riscv64) 和 S390x 等架构的设备上(对应官方源为ports.ubuntu.com)请使用 ubuntu-ports 镜像。
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu Ports
本镜像仅包含 arm64 armhf ppc64el riscv64 s390x 架构的软件包。
(比如在 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 等嵌入式系统上跑的)
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS:
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
其他版本也类似,加个 /ubuntu-ports/
即可。
Alpine Linux
在终端执行下面的语句。
sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories
阿里源
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
163源
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
换好源后更新源
sudo apt-get update
修复损坏的软件包,尝试卸载出错的包,重新安装正确版本的。
sudo apt-get -f install
更新软件
sudo apt-get upgrade
或者安装软件……
Pypi (pip) 换源
清华 tuna 源
临时安装时:
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple some-package
some-package
为模块名。
设为默认:
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip -U
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
或者,Linux 或 MacOS 下修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf
,若没有此文件则创建一个新的。
mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip
vim pip.conf
Windows 下:
- 文件管理器文件路径地址栏敲:
%HOMEPATH%
回车,快速进入C:\Users\用户名\
文件夹中(用户目录)- 新建
pip
文件夹并在文件夹中新建pip.ini
配置文件- 新增
pip.ini
配置文件内容
文件内容如下。
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
use-mirrors = true
mirrors = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
其他源
Anaconda 换源
Anaconda 安装包可以到 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/ 下载。
TUNA 还提供了 Anaconda 仓库与第三方源(conda-forge、msys2、pytorch等,查看完整列表)的镜像,各系统都可以通过修改用户目录下的 .condarc
文件。Windows 用户无法直接创建名为 .condarc
的文件,可先执行 conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
生成该文件之后再修改。
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
即可添加 Anaconda Python 免费仓库。
运行 conda clean -i
清除索引缓存,保证用的是镜像站提供的索引。
运行 conda create -n myenv numpy
测试一下吧。
或者
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
# 设置搜索时显示通道地址
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
conda 额外库:
# pytorch
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/
# 安装时PyTorch,官网给的安装命令需要去掉最后的-c pytorch,才能使用清华源
# conda-forge
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
# msys2
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
# bioconda
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
# menpo
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/
# 设置搜索时显示通道地址
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
Docker 换源
参考之前写的 Docker 安装及常用命令。
编辑文件
Linux 下,编辑此文件,如果没有则新建。
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
Windows 下文件为
%programdata%\docker\config\daemon.json
内容可以为多个镜像
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn/",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
]
}
配置完之后重启服务
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
检查是否生效
docker info
看最后的 Registry Mirrors 里有没有添加成功。
大概就先收集这么多吧(